{"id":602,"date":"2014-03-31T13:21:17","date_gmt":"2014-03-31T10:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/?p=602"},"modified":"2014-03-31T13:23:03","modified_gmt":"2014-03-31T10:23:03","slug":"confucius-filosof-si-om-politic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-chineza\/confucius-filosof-si-om-politic","title":{"rendered":"Confucius: filosof si om politic"},"content":{"rendered":"

Confucius, care a trait in China intre anii 551-479 i.Hr., a fost un dascal, editor, politician dar mai ales filosof. Invataturile si scrierile sale au fost transmise din generatie in generatie si au avut un impact important asupra stilului de viata al locuitorilor Chinei din trecut pana in prezent. Acesta a bordat numeroase teme printre care si bucataria chinezeasca unde a contribuit<\/strong> cu teoriile sale pentru a forma o cultura a bunelor maniere si a stilului in care mancarea este preparata.\u00a0Numele de familie al acestuia este Kong Qiu\u00a0(in limba chineza – \u5b54\u4e18\u00a0K\u01d2ng Qi\u016b). El mai este cunoscut si cu numele de \u00a0Kongzi\u00a0(in limba chineza – \u5b54\u5b50 K\u01d2ng Z\u01d0, “Maestrul Kong”) sau cu titlul onorific \u00a0Kong Fuzi\u00a0(in limba chineza – \u5b54\u592b\u5b50\u00a0K\u01d2ng F\u016bz\u01d0).<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"confucius2\"<\/a>Filosofia lui Confucius<\/strong><\/p>\n

Confucius a promovat valori precum loialitatea fata de membrii familiei, venerarea stramosilor, respectarea celor in varsta de catre copii si a barbatilor de catre sotii. De asemenea, a raspandit ideea \u201eCe tie nu-ti place, altuia nu-i face\u201d<\/em>, o forma incipienta a\u00a0 \u201eRegulii de Aur\u201d<\/em>. Cele mai multe din invataturile sale provin in ziua de azi din texte cunoscute drept Analecte (cugetari; in limba chineza – \u00a0Lunyu<\/i>).<\/p>\n

In aceste Analecte<\/em> invataturile sunt inregistrate sub forma exemplului. Acestea nu contin reguli scrise despre modul de comportament pe care ar trebui sa il adoptam ci, cel mai adesea sub forma unei anecdote in care Confucius este personajul principal ce actioneaza in modul corect. Un bun exemplu se regaseste in urmatorul citat: \u201eCand grajdurile au ars iar Confucius s-a intors de la tribunal, Confucius a intrebat \u201eA fost ranit cineva\u201d. El nu a intrebat despre cai.\u201d Din acest citat reiese ca importanta nu sta in lucrurile materiale iar ca mai presus de toate se afla vietile omenesti.<\/p>\n

Politica in viziunea lui Confucius<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"1229914_748971628449840_1050551484_n\"<\/a>In politica ca si in filozofie Confucius promoveaza metodele pasnice de guvernare care au ca prim scop interesele cetatenilor. In opinia sa, un guvern bun este un guvern care nu conduce prin reguli stricte ce tin populatia sub control (in contrast cu Legalismul) ci unul ce se bazeaza pe natura umana inerent buna. El considera ca intr-un stat in care oameni sunt pedepsiti daca incalca legile, ace\u0219tia vor cauta sa se fereasca de pedeapsa fara rusine. Dar daca sunt condusi pe baza virtutilor si a sentimentului ca trebuie sa faca bine pentru a functiona in societate, oamenii vor fi umili si buni.<\/p>\n

Cuprins de nostalgie, el indemna conducatorii Chinei sa urmeze exemplele stramosilor. El dorea sa reinstituie practica \u201eMandate of Heaven\u201e(\u5929\u547d – Mandat Divin). Conform acesteia, un conducator bun are dreptul divin de a conduce si este imputernicit de catre o forta divina insa un conducator despotic nu primeste aprobarea divinitatii si trebuie inlaturat.<\/p>\n

\"613confucius\"<\/p>\n

Adesea, catastrofe naturale sunt atribuite ideii ca imputernicirea divina a unui conducator a fost retrasa iar acesta trebuie inlocuit. Datorita modului sau de gandire, Confucius a fost etichetat ca si conservator.<\/p>\n

Dupa moartea sa, filosofia sa a dainut prin discipolii sai. Printre ace\u0219tia se numara si singurul sau nepot, Zisi. Un pas important pentru confucianism a fost obtinerea de posturi importante in conducerea Chinei de catre discipoli ai acestei filosofii.<\/p>\n

Clipe intunecate<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate astea, au existat si momente negative in istoria confucianismului. Deoarece se dezvolta odata cu \u201eLegalismul\u201d, a existat un moment in care acestea s-au ciocnit. Atunci cand Dinastia Qin a capturat toata China, confucianismul a fost vazut ca pe o amenintare la doctrina legalista promovata de conducatorul Qin Shi Huang. Atunci cand adeptii confucianismului au incercat sa se impuna, imparatul a ordonat uciderea discipolilor acestei filosofii.<\/p>\n

Raspandirea filosofiei<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"latin<\/a>In dinastiile care au urmat, confucianismul s-a raspandit puternic, fiind la un moment dat, acesta devenind filosofia oficiala a curtii imparatesti. Invataturile lui Confucius au fost traduse de catre misionarii Iezuiti si au ajuns si in Europa in sec. XVII.<\/p>\n

In epoca moderna, noi miscari precum “Confucianismul Nou” inca exista insa sunt atesea atacate de sustinatorii Partidului Comunist din China pe baza ca ar promova un stat slab ce s-ar destrama cu usurinta.<\/p>\n

Daca vrei sa afli mai multe despre unul din cei mai importanti filosofi din China sau daca esti interesat de limba si cultura chineza te asteptam la\u00a0cursurile de limba chineza<\/a>\u00a0pe care le organizam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Confucius, care a trait in China intre anii 551-479 i.Hr., a fost un dascal, editor, politician dar mai ales filosof. Invataturile si scrierile sale au fost transmise din generatie in generatie si au avut un impact important asupra stilului de…<\/p>\n

Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":620,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[111,32],"class_list":["post-602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-limba-chineza","tag-confucius","tag-limba-chineza-2"],"yoast_head":"\nConfucius: filosof si om politic | Crystal Mind<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-chineza\/confucius-filosof-si-om-politic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"crystalmind\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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