{"id":316,"date":"2014-02-25T18:27:22","date_gmt":"2014-02-25T15:27:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/?p=316"},"modified":"2014-03-26T17:59:57","modified_gmt":"2014-03-26T14:59:57","slug":"genul-substantivelor-limba-germana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana","title":{"rendered":"Genul substantivelor in limba germana"},"content":{"rendered":"

De-a lungul timpului am observat la cursurile de limba germana<\/a> pe care le organizam ca o dificultate deosebita consta in invatarea genului substantivelor.<\/p>\n

Dupa cum se stie, in limba germana exista ca si in limba romana 3 genuri:\u00a0 feminin<\/strong> (articolul hotarat die<\/span><\/strong>), masculin<\/strong> (articolul der<\/span><\/strong>) si neutru<\/strong> (articolul das<\/span><\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Pentru cineva care invata limba germana<\/a> ca limba straina, de foarte multe ori genul unui substantiv trebuie invatat pe de rost (impreuna cu substantivul si cu pluralul acestuia). Acest lucru este din cauza faptului ca nu exista o echivalenta de genuri intre limba romana si limba germana.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Exemplu:<\/span><\/strong> substantivul “luna”<\/em> este feminin in limba romana si masculin in limba germana (der Mond<\/em>), iar substantivul “soare<\/em>” este masculin in limba romana si feminin in limba germana (die Sonne<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Practic, un cursant trebuie sa invete pentru fiecare substantiv 3 lucruri pe dinafara: genul sau articolul substantivului, substantivul si plurarul acestuia (multe sunt neregulate).<\/p>\n

Exista totusi o serie de reguli care odata invatate ne ajuta sa aflam genul (articolul) unui substantiv fara fi nevoie sa-l invatam pe dinafara. Nu degeaba limba germana este considerata o limba foarte exacta, o limba matematica.<\/p>\n

Se observa de asemenea ca in majoritatea cartilor nu exista intr-un mod sistematizat, organizat aceste reguli de determinare “automata” a genului substantivelor.<\/p>\n

Genul unui substantiv se afla in functie de terminatia acestuia astfel:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. Genul Feminin (articolul DIE)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

–shaft<\/span> : die Mannschaft = echipa<\/p>\n

–keit<\/span> : die Freundlichkeit = prietenia<\/p>\n

–heit<\/span> : die Krankheit = boala<\/p>\n

–ung<\/span> : die \u00dcbung = exercitiul<\/p>\n

–de<\/span> : die Ausrede = scuza<\/p>\n

–in<\/span> : die Lehrerin = profesoara<\/p>\n

Nota:<\/strong> o alta regula de retinut este ca intotdeauna pluralul substantivelor feminine este diferit de singular.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Substantive feminine care se determina dupa categoria din care fac parte si nu dupa terminatie:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> denumiri de rauri: die Elbe = Elba, die Donau = Dunarea<\/em><\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> denumiri de arbori: die Eiche = stejarul, die Linde = teiul<\/em><\/p>\n

c)<\/strong> denumiri de flori: die Nelke = garoafa, die Rose = trandafirul<\/em><\/p>\n

d)<\/strong> cele mai multe fructe: die Kirsche = cireasa<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

2. Genul Masculin (articolul DER)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

–ee<\/span> : der Schnee = zapada<\/p>\n

–el<\/span> : der Artiker = articolul<\/p>\n

*exista foarte putin exceptii de la aceasta regula<\/p>\n

–er<\/span> : der Lehrer = profesorul<\/p>\n

–ich<\/span> : der Bereich = domeniu (de activitate)<\/p>\n

–ig<\/span> : der Honig = mierea de albine<\/p>\n

–ler<\/span> : der Schauspieler = actorul<\/p>\n

–ling<\/span> : der Fr\u00fcling = primavara<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Substantive masculine in limba germana care se determina dupa categoria din care fac parte si nu dupa terminatie:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> fenomene ale naturii: der Schnee = zapada, der Frost = inghetul<\/em><\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> denumirea anotimpurilor (exceptie das Fr\u00fchjahr = primavara<\/em>), zilele saptamanii, parile din zi (exceptie die Nacht = noaptea<\/em>) si lunile anului<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

3. Genul neutru (articolul DAS)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

–chen<\/span> : das M\u00e4dchen = fata<\/p>\n

– lein<\/span> : das Freulein = domnisoara<\/p>\n

– nis<\/span> : das Ged\u00e4chtnis = memoria<\/p>\n

* exista cateva exceptii de la aceasta regula<\/p>\n

–sal<\/span> : das Schiksal = destinul<\/p>\n

–tum<\/span> : das Eigentum = proprietatea<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Substantive neutre in limba germana care se determina dupa categoria din care fac parte si nu dupa terminatie:<\/strong><\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> diminutivele: das H\u00fcndchen = catelus<\/p>\n

b)<\/strong> animalele domestice: das Pferd = calul, das Rind = vita, das Schaf = oaia<\/p>\n

c)<\/strong> infinitivele substantivizate: das Lernen = invatarea, das Schlafen = dormitul<\/p>\n

d)<\/strong> numele literelor: das A, das B, das C<\/p>\n

e)<\/strong> numere fractionare: das Drittel\u00a0 = treimea, das Viertel = sfertul<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Te asteptam la cursul de limba germana<\/a> autorizat ANC pe care il organizam si-ti vom arata ca germana este o limba placuta si usor de invatat.<\/p>\n

La sfarsitul cursului poti primi o diploma recunoscuta<\/a> de Ministerul Educatiei prin ANC in Romania si UE.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De-a lungul timpului am observat la cursurile de limba germana pe care le organizam ca o dificultate deosebita consta in invatarea genului substantivelor. Dupa cum se stie, in limba germana exista ca si in limba romana 3 genuri:\u00a0 feminin (articolul…<\/p>\n

Read more →<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grammatik","category-limba-germana"],"yoast_head":"\nCurs Germana - Genul substantivelor in limba germana | Crystal Mind<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"crystalmind\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"crystalmind\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/4dd25b13ccb10af4992501f638b3fde1\"},\"headline\":\"Genul substantivelor in limba germana\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-02-25T15:27:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2014-03-26T14:59:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana\"},\"wordCount\":562,\"commentCount\":3,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/02\/der-die-das.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"Grammatik\",\"Limba Germana\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.limbistraine.eu\/wordpress\/limba-germana\/genul-substantivelor-limba-germana\",\"name\":\"Curs Germana - 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